Record Information
Version 1.0
Update Date 1/22/2018 12:54:54 PM
Metabolite IDPAMDB000063
Identification
Name: L-Alanine
Description:Alanine is an amino acid made from the conversion of the carbohydrate pyruvate or the breakdown of DNA and the dipeptides carnosine and anserine. Alanine is an important participant as well as regulator in glucose metabolism. Normal alanine metabolism, like that of other amino acids, is highly dependent upon enzymes that contain vitamin B6. (http://www.dcnutrition.com/AminoAcids/)
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • (2S)-2-Aminopropanoate
  • (2S)-2-Aminopropanoic acid
  • (S)-(+)-Alanine
  • (S)-2-amino-Propanoate
  • (S)-2-amino-Propanoic acid
  • (S)-2-Aminopropanoate
  • (S)-2-Aminopropanoic acid
  • (S)-Alanine
  • 2-Aminopropanoate
  • 2-Aminopropanoic acid
  • 2-Aminopropionate
  • 2-Aminopropionic acid
  • 2-Ammoniopropanoate
  • 2-Ammoniopropanoic acid
  • A
  • A-Alanine
  • a-Aminopropanoate
  • a-Aminopropanoic acid
  • A-Aminopropionate
  • A-Aminopropionic acid
  • Ala
  • Alanine
  • Alpha-Alanine
  • Alpha-Aminopropanoate
  • Alpha-Aminopropanoic acid
  • Alpha-Aminopropionate
  • Alpha-Aminopropionic acid
  • L-α-alanine
  • L-(+)-Alanine
  • L-2-Aminopropanoate
  • L-2-Aminopropanoic acid
  • L-2-Aminopropionate
  • L-2-Aminopropionic acid
  • L-a-Alanine
  • L-a-Aminopropionate
  • L-a-Aminopropionic acid
  • L-alpha-Alanine
  • L-alpha-Aminopropionate
  • L-alpha-Aminopropionic acid
  • L-α-Alanine
  • L-α-Aminopropionate
  • L-α-Aminopropionic acid
  • α-Alanine
  • α-Aminopropanoate
  • α-Aminopropanoic acid
  • α-Aminopropionate
  • α-Aminopropionic acid
Chemical Formula: C3H7NO2
Average Molecular Weight: 89.0932
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 89.047678473
InChI Key: QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C3H7NO2/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2H,4H2,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1
CAS number: 56-41-7
IUPAC Name:(2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name: L-alanine
SMILES:C[C@H](N)C(O)=O
Chemical Taxonomy
Taxonomy DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom.
Kingdom Organic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
Class Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct Parent L-alpha-amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular Framework Aliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State: Solid
Charge:0
Melting point: 300 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:164.0 mg/mL [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]; 204 mg/mL [HMP experimental]PhysProp
LogP:-2.85 [SANGSTER (1994)]PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility447.0 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-3ALOGPS
logP-2.8ChemAxon
logS0.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.47ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.48ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area63.32 Å2ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity20.5 m3·mol-1ChemAxon
Polarizability8.49 Å3ChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations: Cytoplasm
Reactions:
L-Alanine + Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate > Pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + Pyruvic acid
L-Alanine <> D-Alanine
L-Cysteine + SufSE sulfur acceptor complex > L-Alanine + SufSE with bound sulfur
alpha-Ketoglutarate + L-Alanine <> L-Glutamate + Pyruvic acid
Adenosine triphosphate + Water + L-Alanine > ADP + L-Alanine + Hydrogen ion + Phosphate
Adenosine triphosphate + Water + L-Alanine > ADP + L-Alanine + Hydrogen ion + Phosphate
L-Alanine + Adenosine triphosphate + UDP-N-Acetylmuraminate <> ADP + Hydrogen ion + Phosphate + UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine
L-Alanine-L-glutamate + Water > L-Alanine + L-Glutamate
L-Alanine + Pimeloyl-[acyl-carrier protein] > 8-Amino-7-oxononanoate + acyl carrier protein + Carbon dioxide
L-Cysteine + IscS sulfur acceptor protein > L-Alanine + IscS with bound sulfur
L-Alanine + Adenosine triphosphate + tRNA(Ala) > L-Alanyl-tRNA(Ala) + Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate
3-Sulfinoalanine + 2 Hydrogen ion > L-Alanine + Sulfur dioxide
alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid + L-Alanine <> Pyruvic acid + L-Valine + a-Ketoisovaleric acid
L-Valine + Pyruvic acid <> alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid + L-Alanine
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Alanine + tRNA(Ala) + tRNA(Ala) <> Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-Alanyl-tRNA + L-Alanyl-tRNA
Adenosine triphosphate + UDP-N-Acetylmuraminate + L-Alanine <> ADP + Phosphate + UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine
6-Carboxyhexanoyl-CoA + L-Alanine + Pimeloyl-[acyl-carrier protein] <> 8-Amino-7-oxononanoate + Coenzyme A + Carbon dioxide + Acyl-carrier protein
Selenocysteine + Reduced acceptor <> Hydrogen selenide + L-Alanine + Acceptor
N-Acetylmuramoyl-Ala + Water <> N-Acetyl-D-muramoate + L-Alanine
[Enzyme]-cysteine + L-Cysteine <> [Enzyme]-S-sulfanylcysteine + L-Alanine
UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate-D-alanine + Water > L-Alanine + UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate
Hydrogen ion + L-Alanine + pimeloyl-CoA > Carbon dioxide + Coenzyme A + 8-Amino-7-oxononanoate
Oxoglutaric acid + L-Alanine <> L-Glutamate + Pyruvic acid
L-Alanine + Hydrogen ion + Pimeloyl-ACPs > 8-Amino-7-oxononanoate + Carbon dioxide + ACP
L-Cysteine + a sulfur acceptor + Hydrogen ion L-Alanine + <i>S</i>-sulfanyl-[acceptor]
3-Sulfinoalanine + Water Hydrogen ion + L-Alanine + Sulfite
L-Cysteine + L-Cysteine-Desulfurases > L-Alanine + Persulfurated-L-cysteine-desulfurases
ala-asp + Water > L-Alanine + L-Aspartic acid
ala-gln + Water > L-Alanine + L-Glutamine
ala-gly + Water > L-Alanine + Glycine
ala-his + Water > L-Alanine + L-Histidine
ala-leu + Water > L-Alanine + L-Leucine
ala-thr + Water > L-Alanine + L-Threonine
L-Alanyl-L-Glutamate + Water > L-Alanine + L-Glutamate
methionine-alanine dipeptide + Water > L-Methionine + L-Alanine
a reduced electron acceptor + Selenocysteine <> L-Alanine + Selenium + an oxidized electron acceptor + Hydrogen ion
L-Valine + Pyruvic acid > a-Ketoisovaleric acid + L-Alanine
L-Cysteine + acceptor > L-Alanine + S-sulfanyl-acceptor
Adenosine triphosphate + UDP-N-Acetylmuraminate + L-Alanine > ADP + Inorganic phosphate + UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine
a pimeloyl-[acp] + L-Alanine + L-Alanine > Carbon dioxide + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein] + 8-Amino-7-oxononanoate
a sulfurated [sulfur carrier] + L-Alanine + L-Alanine > 8-Amino-7-oxononanoate + Coenzyme A + Carbon dioxide
L-Alanine + L-Alanine <> D-Alanine
UDP-N-acetylmuraminate + Adenosine triphosphate + L-Alanine + UDP-N-Acetylmuraminate + L-Alanine > UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine + Adenosine diphosphate + Phosphate + ADP
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Alanine + tRNA(Ala) + L-Alanine > Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala)
L-Alanine + Oxoglutaric acid + L-Alanine <> L-Glutamic acid + Pyruvic acid + L-Glutamate
L-Alanine + Glyoxylic acid + L-Alanine <> Glycine + Pyruvic acid
L-Cysteine + an [L-cysteine desulfurase] L-cysteine persulfide > an [L-cysteine desulfurase] L-cysteine persulfide + L-Alanine + L-Alanine
L-Valine + Pyruvic acid + L-Valine > L-Alanine + a-Ketoisovaleric acid + L-Alanine
L-Alanine + Adenosine triphosphate + Hydrogen ion + tRNA(Ala) + L-Alanine > Pyrophosphate + Adenosine monophosphate + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala)
UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate + L-Alanine + Adenosine triphosphate + L-Alanine > Adenosine diphosphate + Phosphate + Hydrogen ion + UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine + ADP
More...

Pathways:
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (1 TMS)splash10-014i-0900000000-c7f6dbace291e8305a4eView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies)splash10-014i-0900000000-381ddf4d9ea77be0b8a5View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-01b9-6900000000-6a7c1bb2915e5dd0791fView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)splash10-014i-1900000000-84b389f82562c29a8148View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSNot Available
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0006-9000000000-96b54b269c91ab21be08View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0006-9000000000-a8008305399aa1097e1aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0006-9000000000-7253c912562200edc231View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6M) , Positivesplash10-00kf-9000000000-72694f3a1a5de3b49790View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-55d0139f513946f76461View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-5b0dff13a98daf782205View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-37db595fcf7364600bc9View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-5129e160acf979ac549eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-11c20eba8c5ad41d806cView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-df7c7d6a6ae2d6bccefeView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-32477244247613182214View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-000f-9002000000-4873ce0cdcac54d68186View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - CE-ESI-TOF (CE-system connected to 6210 Time-of-Flight MS, Agilent) , Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-8193842b36c819ca3ec6View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, NegativeNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, NegativeNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, NegativeNot Available
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot Available
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot Available
2D NMR[1H,1H] 2D NMR SpectrumNot Available
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot Available
References
References:
  • Bairaktari E, Katopodis K, Siamopoulos KC, Tsolas O: Paraquat-induced renal injury studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine. Clin Chem. 1998 Jun;44(6 Pt 1):1256-61. Pubmed: 9625050
  • Bennett, B. D., Kimball, E. H., Gao, M., Osterhout, R., Van Dien, S. J., Rabinowitz, J. D. (2009). "Absolute metabolite concentrations and implied enzyme active site occupancy in Escherichia coli." Nat Chem Biol 5:593-599. Pubmed: 19561621
  • Cynober LA: Plasma amino acid levels with a note on membrane transport: characteristics, regulation, and metabolic significance. Nutrition. 2002 Sep;18(9):761-6. Pubmed: 12297216
  • Hagenfeldt L, Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Amino acids in plasma and CSF and monoamine metabolites in CSF: interrelationship in healthy subjects. J Neurochem. 1984 Mar;42(3):833-7. Pubmed: 6198473
  • Iioka H, Hisanaga H, Moriyama IS, Akada S, Shimamoto T, Yamada Y, Ichijo M: Characterization of human placental activity for transport of L-alanine, using brush border (microvillous) membrane vesicles. Placenta. 1992 Mar-Apr;13(2):179-90. Pubmed: 1631030
  • Ishii, N., Nakahigashi, K., Baba, T., Robert, M., Soga, T., Kanai, A., Hirasawa, T., Naba, M., Hirai, K., Hoque, A., Ho, P. Y., Kakazu, Y., Sugawara, K., Igarashi, S., Harada, S., Masuda, T., Sugiyama, N., Togashi, T., Hasegawa, M., Takai, Y., Yugi, K., Arakawa, K., Iwata, N., Toya, Y., Nakayama, Y., Nishioka, T., Shimizu, K., Mori, H., Tomita, M. (2007). "Multiple high-throughput analyses monitor the response of E. coli to perturbations." Science 316:593-597. Pubmed: 17379776
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Klassen P, Furst P, Schulz C, Mazariegos M, Solomons NW: Plasma free amino acid concentrations in healthy Guatemalan adults and in patients with classic dengue. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):647-52. Pubmed: 11237944
  • Nicholson JK, O'Flynn MP, Sadler PJ, Macleod AF, Juul SM, Sonksen PH: Proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of serum, plasma and urine from fasting normal and diabetic subjects. Biochem J. 1984 Jan 15;217(2):365-75. Pubmed: 6696735
  • Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. Pubmed: 15911239
  • Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. Pubmed: 14992292
  • Saklatvala J: Hydrolysis of the elastase substrate succinyltrialanine nitroanilide by a metal-dependent enzyme in rheumatoid synovial fluid. J Clin Invest. 1977 May;59(5):794-801. Pubmed: 16038
  • Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. Pubmed: 12097436
  • Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. Pubmed: 19212411
  • Stahl A, Frick A, Imler M, Schlienger JL: Semiautomated enzymic microassay for plasma L-alanine. Enzyme. 1979;24(5):294-301. Pubmed: 41707
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Vijayendran, C., Barsch, A., Friehs, K., Niehaus, K., Becker, A., Flaschel, E. (2008). "Perceiving molecular evolution processes in Escherichia coli by comprehensive metabolite and gene expression profiling." Genome Biol 9:R72. Pubmed: 18402659
  • Wevers RA, Engelke U, Wendel U, de Jong JG, Gabreels FJ, Heerschap A: Standardized method for high-resolution 1H-NMR of cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem. 1995 May;41(5):744-51. Pubmed: 7729054
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
Synthesis Reference: Chibata I; Kakimoto T; Kato J Enzymatic production of L-alanine by Pseudomonas dacunhae. Applied microbiology (1965), 13(5), 638-45.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID16977
HMDB IDHMDB00161
Pubchem Compound ID5950
Kegg IDC00041
ChemSpider ID5735
WikipediaAlanine
BioCyc IDL-ALPHA-ALANINE
EcoCyc IDL-ALPHA-ALANINE
Ligand ExpoALA_LFZW

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Edits incorrectly charged Ser-tRNA(Ala) and Gly- tRNA(Ala) but not incorrectly charged Ser-tRNA(Thr)
Gene Name:
alaS
Locus Tag:
PA0903
Molecular weight:
94.7 kDa
Reactions
ATP + L-alanine + tRNA(Ala) = AMP + diphosphate + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala).
General function:
Involved in alanine racemase activity
Specific function:
Provides the D-alanine required for cell wall biosynthesis
Gene Name:
alr
Locus Tag:
PA4930
Molecular weight:
38.3 kDa
Reactions
L-alanine = D-alanine.
General function:
Involved in metabolic process
Specific function:
Catalyzes the removal of elemental sulfur and selenium atoms from cysteine and selenocysteine to produce alanine. Functions as a sulfur delivery protein for NAD, biotin and Fe-S cluster synthesis. Transfers sulfur on 'Cys-456' of thiI in a transpersulfidation reaction. Transfers sulfur on 'Cys-19' of tusA in a transpersulfidation reaction. Functions also as a selenium delivery protein in the pathway for the biosynthesis of selenophosphate
Gene Name:
iscS
Locus Tag:
PA3814
Molecular weight:
44.7 kDa
Reactions
L-cysteine + acceptor = L-alanine + S-sulfanyl-acceptor.
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Interconversion of serine and glycine
Gene Name:
glyA
Locus Tag:
PA4602
Molecular weight:
45.2 kDa
Reactions
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H(2)O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine.
General function:
Involved in 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the decarboxylative condensation of pimeloyl- CoA and L-alanine to produce 8-amino-7-oxononanoate (AON), coenzyme A, and carbon dioxide
Gene Name:
bioF
Locus Tag:
PA0501
Molecular weight:
42.2 kDa
Reactions
6-carboxyhexanoyl-CoA + L-alanine = 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + CoA + CO(2).
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Cell wall formation
Gene Name:
murC
Locus Tag:
PA4411
Molecular weight:
51.9 kDa
Reactions
ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramate + L-alanine = ADP + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine.
General function:
Involved in N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity
Specific function:
Cell-wall hydrolase probably involved in cell-wall hydrolysis, septation or recycling
Gene Name:
amiB
Locus Tag:
PA4947
Molecular weight:
50.7 kDa
Reactions
Hydrolyzes the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain cell-wall glycopeptides.
General function:
Involved in alanine racemase activity
Specific function:
Isomerizes L-alanine to D-alanine which is then oxidized to pyruvate by dadA
Gene Name:
dadX
Locus Tag:
PA5302
Molecular weight:
38.9 kDa
Reactions
L-alanine = D-alanine.
General function:
Involved in N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain cell-wall glycopeptides
Gene Name:
amiA
Locus Tag:
PA5538
Molecular weight:
42.9 kDa
Reactions
Hydrolyzes the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain cell-wall glycopeptides.
General function:
Involved in N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity
Specific function:
Cell-wall hydrolase probably involved in cell-wall hydrolysis, septation or recycling
Gene Name:
amiC
Locus Tag:
PA3364
Molecular weight:
42.8 kDa
Reactions
Hydrolyzes the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain cell-wall glycopeptides.
General function:
Involved in lyase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the cleavage of L-allo-threonine and L- threonine to glycine and acetaldehyde. L-threo-phenylserine and L- erythro-phenylserine are also good substrates
Gene Name:
ltaE
Locus Tag:
PA0902
Molecular weight:
35.4 kDa
Reactions
L-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.
L-allo-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.
General function:
Defense mechanisms
Specific function:
Releases the terminal D-alanine residue from the cytoplasmic tetrapeptide recycling product L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso- Dap-D-Ala. To a lesser extent, can also cleave D-Ala from murein derivatives containing the tetrapeptide, i.e. MurNAc-tetrapeptide, UDP-MurNAc-tetrapeptide, GlcNAc-MurNAc-tetrapeptide, and GlcNAc- anhMurNAc-tetrapeptide. Does not act on murein sacculi or cross- linked muropeptides. The tripeptides produced by the lcdA reaction can then be reused as peptidoglycan building blocks; lcdA is thereby involved in murein recycling. Is also essential for viability during stationary phase
Gene Name:
ldcA
Locus Tag:
PA1818
Molecular weight:
82.8 kDa
Reactions
GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelyl-D-alanine + H(2)O = GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate + D-alanine.
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for branched-chain amino acids. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrates across the membrane
Gene Name:
livH
Locus Tag:
PA1073
Molecular weight:
32.5 kDa
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for branched-chain amino acids. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrates across the membrane
Gene Name:
livM
Locus Tag:
PA1072
Molecular weight:
45.6 kDa
General function:
Involved in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase activity
Specific function:
Specific function unknown
Gene Name:
yfbQ
Locus Tag:
PA2828
Molecular weight:
44.8 kDa
Reactions
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L-glutamate.
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Component of the leucine-specific transport system
Gene Name:
livG
Locus Tag:
PA1071
Molecular weight:
28.3 kDa
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Component of the leucine-specific transport system
Gene Name:
livF
Locus Tag:
PA1070
Molecular weight:
25.6 kDa
General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Specific function unknown
Gene Name:
yfdZ
Locus Tag:
PA4715
Molecular weight:
46.1 kDa
Reactions
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L-glutamate.

Transporters

General function:
Involved in sodium:amino acid symporter activity
Specific function:
Specific function unknown
Gene Name:
yaaJ
Locus Tag:
PA3641
Molecular weight:
50.3 kDa
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Probably part of a binding-protein-dependent transport system yecCS for an amino acid. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system
Gene Name:
yecC
Locus Tag:
PA5152
Molecular weight:
28.4 kDa
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for branched-chain amino acids. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrates across the membrane
Gene Name:
livH
Locus Tag:
PA1073
Molecular weight:
32.5 kDa
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for branched-chain amino acids. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrates across the membrane
Gene Name:
livM
Locus Tag:
PA1072
Molecular weight:
45.6 kDa
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Component of the leucine-specific transport system
Gene Name:
livG
Locus Tag:
PA1071
Molecular weight:
28.3 kDa
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Component of the leucine-specific transport system
Gene Name:
livF
Locus Tag:
PA1070
Molecular weight:
25.6 kDa