Record Information
Version 1.0
Update Date 1/22/2018 11:54:54 AM
Metabolite IDPAMDB000421
Identification
Name: N5-Formyl-H4F
Description:N5-Formyl-H4F is the active metabolite of folic acid. Leucovorin is used principally as its calcium salt as an antidote to folic acid antagonists which block the conversion of folic acid to folinic acid.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • (6R,S)-5-Formyltetrahydrofolate
  • (6R,S)-5-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid
  • 10-Formyl-7,8-dihydrofolate
  • 10-Formyl-7,8-dihydrofolic acid
  • 5-CHO-THF
  • 5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate
  • 5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid
  • 5-formyl-H4F
  • 5-Formyl-THF
  • 5-Formyl-THF leucovorin
  • 5-Formyltetrahydrofolate
  • 5-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid
  • 5-Formyltetrahydropteroylglutamate
  • 5-Formyltetrahydropteroylglutamic acid
  • Citrovorum factor
  • Folinate
  • Folinate-SF
  • Folinic acid
  • Folinic acid-SF
  • Formyl-H4F
  • L-Leucovorin
  • L-N-[p-[[(2-Amino-5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-Glutamate
  • L-N-[p-[[(2-Amino-5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-Glutamic acid
  • Leucal
  • Levoleucovorin
  • N5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate
  • N5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid
  • N5-formyl-thf
  • N5-Formyltetrahydrofolate
  • N5-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid
  • N5-formyl-H4F
  • N5-formyl-THF
  • Welcovorin
Chemical Formula: C20H23N7O7
Average Molecular Weight: 473.4393
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 473.165896125
InChI Key: VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C20H23N7O7/c21-20-25-16-15(18(32)26-20)27(9-28)12(8-23-16)7-22-11-3-1-10(2-4-11)17(31)24-13(19(33)34)5-6-14(29)30/h1-4,9,12-13,22H,5-8H2,(H,24,31)(H,29,30)(H,33,34)(H4,21,23,25,26,32)
CAS number: 58-05-9
IUPAC Name:2-[(4-{[(2-amino-5-formyl-4-oxo-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name: 2-[(4-{[(2-amino-5-formyl-4-oxo-3,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid
SMILES:NC1=NC2=C(N(C=O)C(CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)CN2)C(=O)N1
Chemical Taxonomy
Taxonomy DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tetrahydrofolic acids. These are heterocyclic compounds based on the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with at least one L-glutamic acid unit.
Kingdom Organic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
Class Pteridines and derivatives
Sub ClassPterins and derivatives
Direct Parent Tetrahydrofolic acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Tetrahydrofolic acid
  • N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
  • N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
  • Hippuric acid
  • Hippuric acid or derivatives
  • Aminobenzoic acid or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
  • N-substituted-alpha-amino acid
  • Benzoic acid or derivatives
  • Benzamide
  • Aminobenzamide
  • Phenylalkylamine
  • Substituted aniline
  • Benzoyl
  • Secondary aliphatic/aromatic amine
  • Pyrimidone
  • Aniline
  • Amino fatty acid
  • Fatty acyl
  • Imidolactam
  • Benzenoid
  • Pyrimidine
  • Primary aromatic amine
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Tertiary amine
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Lactam
  • Carboxamide group
  • Azacycle
  • Secondary amine
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular Framework Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors Not Available
Physical Properties
State: Solid
Charge:-2
Melting point: Not Available
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.297 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.46ALOGPS
logP-3.4ChemAxon
logS-3.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.18ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.33ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count11ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count7ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area215.55 Å2ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count9ChemAxon
Refractivity126.66 m3·mol-1ChemAxon
Polarizability46.59 Å3ChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
Bioavailability0ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations: Cytoplasm
Reactions:
Pathways:
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0a4i-0031900000-31498c227b611f3360eaView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0a6r-0393400000-f81606ae4f4b27aadbacView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0a4i-1591000000-825bc8196995ef0bc1e3View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-00di-0000900000-203ae236b032df3233d7View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0umj-1131900000-5174748fd5288f6523fdView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0007-9674000000-192da85bfca095ec870eView in MoNA
References
References:
  • Bentivoglio G, Melica F, Cristoforoni P: Folinic acid in the treatment of human male infertility. Fertil Steril. 1993 Oct;60(4):698-701. Pubmed: 8405528
  • Birmingham BK, Greene DS: Analysis of folinic acid in human serum using high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. J Pharm Sci. 1983 Nov;72(11):1306-9. Pubmed: 6606033
  • Bunni MA, Priest DG: Human red blood cell-mediated metabolism of leucovorin [(R,S)5-formyltetrahydrofolate] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1991 May 1;286(2):633-7. Pubmed: 1897982
  • Garbis SD, Melse-Boonstra A, West CE, van Breemen RB: Determination of folates in human plasma using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2001 Nov 15;73(22):5358-64. Pubmed: 11816560
  • Jansman FG, Coenen JL, De Graaf JC, Tobi H, Sleijfer DT, Brouwers JR: Relationship between pharmacokinetics of 5-FU in plasma and in saliva, and toxicity of 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid. Anticancer Res. 2002 Nov-Dec;22(6B):3449-55. Pubmed: 12552938
  • Jardine LF, Ingram LC, Bleyer WA: Intrathecal leucovorin after intrathecal methotrexate overdose. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1996 Aug;18(3):302-4. Pubmed: 8689347
  • Joulia JM, Pinguet F, Ychou M, Duffour J, Astre C, Bressolle F: Plasma and salivary pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving 5-FU bolus plus continuous infusion with high-dose folinic acid. Eur J Cancer. 1999 Feb;35(2):296-301. Pubmed: 10448274
  • Kajiyama Y, Tsurumaru M, Udagawa H, Tsutsumi K, Kinoshita Y, Akiyama H: Relief of jaundice by 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in patients with recurrent gastric cancer. Surg Oncol. 1996 Aug;5(4):177-81. Pubmed: 9067566
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Karakayali FY, Bayar S, Hazinedaroglu S, Sahin F, Karayalcin K: Does folinic acid have a choleretic effect on humans? Turk J Gastroenterol. 2003 Jun;14(2):102-5. Pubmed: 14614635
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Micke O, Bruns F, Schafer U, Kurowski R, Horst E, Willich N: CA 19-9 in the therapy monitoring and follow-up of locally advanced cancer of the exocrine pancreas treated with radiochemotherapy. Anticancer Res. 2003 Mar-Apr;23(2A):835-40. Pubmed: 12820309
  • Micke O, Hesselmann S, Bruns F, Horst E, Devries A, Schuller P, Willich N, Schafer U: Results and follow-up of locally advanced cancer of the exocrine pancreas treated with radiochemotherapy. Anticancer Res. 2005 May-Jun;25(3A):1523-30. Pubmed: 16033054
  • Perry TL, Applegarth DA, Evans ME, Hansen S, Jellum E: Metabolic studies of a family with massive formiminoglutamic aciduria. Pediatr Res. 1975 Mar;9(3):117-22. Pubmed: 235753
  • Pfeiffer CM, Fazili Z, McCoy L, Zhang M, Gunter EW: Determination of folate vitamers in human serum by stable-isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry and comparison with radioassay and microbiologic assay. Clin Chem. 2004 Feb;50(2):423-32. Epub 2003 Dec 11. Pubmed: 14670827
  • Pineda M, Ormazabal A, Lopez-Gallardo E, Nascimento A, Solano A, Herrero MD, Vilaseca MA, Briones P, Ibanez L, Montoya J, Artuch R: Cerebral folate deficiency and leukoencephalopathy caused by a mitochondrial DNA deletion. Ann Neurol. 2006 Feb;59(2):394-8. Pubmed: 16365882
  • Polyzos A, Kouraklis G, Giannopoulos A, Bramis J, Delladetsima JK, Sfikakis PP: Irinotecan as salvage chemotherapy for advanced small bowel adenocarcinoma: a series of three patients. J Chemother. 2003 Oct;15(5):503-6. Pubmed: 14598944
  • Ramaekers VT, Hausler M, Opladen T, Heimann G, Blau N: Psychomotor retardation, spastic paraplegia, cerebellar ataxia and dyskinesia associated with low 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in cerebrospinal fluid: a novel neurometabolic condition responding to folinic acid substitution. Neuropediatrics. 2002 Dec;33(6):301-8. Pubmed: 12571785
  • Sengelov L, von der Maase H, Lundbeck F, Barlebo H, Colstrup H, Engelholm SA, Krarup T, Madsen EL, Meyhoff HH, Mommsen S, Nielsen OS, Pedersen D, Steven K, Sorensen B: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and methotrexate in patients with muscle-invasive bladder tumours. Acta Oncol. 2002;41(5):447-56. Pubmed: 12442921
  • Straw JA, Szapary D, Wynn WT: Pharmacokinetics of the diastereoisomers of leucovorin after intravenous and oral administration to normal subjects. Cancer Res. 1984 Jul;44(7):3114-9. Pubmed: 6609768
  • Vimercati A, Greco P, D'Apolito A, Angelici MC, Possenti A, Carbonara S, Selvaggi L: [Risk assessment of vertical transmission of Toxoplasma infections] Acta Biomed Ateneo Parmense. 2000;71 Suppl 1:537-40. Pubmed: 11424802
  • Zhu WY, Alliegro MA, Melera PW: The rate of folate receptor alpha (FR alpha) synthesis in folate depleted CHL cells is regulated by a translational mechanism sensitive to media folate levels, while stable overexpression of its mRNA is mediated by gene amplification and an increase in transcript half-life. J Cell Biochem. 2001 Mar 26;81(2):205-19. Pubmed: 11241661
Synthesis Reference: Zakrzewski, Sigmund F.; Sansone, Annette M. Preparation of folinic acid (N5-formyltetrahydro folic acid). Methods Enzymol. (1971), 18(Pt. B), 731-3.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID209153
HMDB IDHMDB01562
Pubchem Compound ID143
Kegg IDC03479
ChemSpider ID140
Wikipediafolinate
BioCyc ID5-FORMYL-THF
EcoCyc ID5-FORMYL-THF

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Interconversion of serine and glycine
Gene Name:
glyA
Locus Tag:
PA4602
Molecular weight:
45.2 kDa
Reactions
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H(2)O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine.
General function:
Involved in aminomethyltransferase activity
Specific function:
The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine
Gene Name:
gcvT
Locus Tag:
PA5215
Molecular weight:
38.9 kDa
Reactions
[Protein]-S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine + tetrahydrofolate = [protein]-dihydrolipoyllysine + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NH(3).