Pyridoxal (PAMDB000414)

IdentificationTaxonomyPhysical PropertiesBiological PropertiesSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesEnzymes Transporters
Proteins (3280)
Record Information
Version 1.0
Update Date 1/22/2018 12:54:54 PM
Metabolite IDPAMDB000414
Identification
Name: Pyridoxal
Description:Pyridoxal is the 4-carboxyaldehyde form of vitamin B6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids and other compounds.
Structure
Thumb
🔍MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChIView Structure
Synonyms:
  • 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carboxaldehyde
  • Pyridoxal
  • Pyridoxaldehyde
Chemical Formula: C8H9NO3
Average Molecular Weight: 167.162
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 167.058243159
InChI Key: RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C8H9NO3/c1-5-8(12)7(4-11)6(3-10)2-9-5/h2,4,10,12H,3H2,1H3
CAS number: 66-72-8
IUPAC Name:3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde
Traditional IUPAC Name: pyridoxal
SMILES:CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O
Chemical Taxonomy
Taxonomy DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyridoxals and derivatives. These are compounds containing a pyridoxal moiety, which consists of a pyridine ring substituted at positions 2,3,4, and 5 by a methyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carbaldehyde group, and a hydroxymethyl group, respectively.
Kingdom Organic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
Class Pyridines and derivatives
Sub ClassPyridine carboxaldehydes
Direct Parent Pyridoxals and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pyridoxal
  • Methylpyridine
  • Hydroxypyridine
  • Aryl-aldehyde
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous acid
  • Azacycle
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic alcohol
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aldehyde
  • Alcohol
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular Framework Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State: Solid
Charge:0
Melting point: 165 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:500.0 mg/mL [COFFEN,DL (1978)]PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility11.7 mg/mLALOGPS
logP0.02ALOGPS
logP0.18ChemAxon
logS-1.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)7.97ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.11ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area70.42 Å2ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity43.87 m3·mol-1ChemAxon
Polarizability16.28 Å3ChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations: Cytoplasm
Reactions:
Water + Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate > Phosphate + Pyridoxal
Adenosine triphosphate + Pyridoxal <> ADP + Hydrogen ion + Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
Adenosine triphosphate + Pyridoxal <> ADP + Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
Pyridoxamine + Water + Oxygen <> Pyridoxal + Ammonia + Hydrogen peroxide
Pyridoxine + Oxygen <> Pyridoxal + Hydrogen peroxide
Pyridoxamine + Oxalacetic acid <> Pyridoxal + L-Aspartic acid
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + Water > Pyridoxal + Inorganic phosphate
Pyridoxal + Adenosine triphosphate > Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + Adenosine diphosphate + ADP
Pathways:
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies)splash10-00di-2690000000-5d018202be238b10582aView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies)splash10-0aou-3974000000-8c963fdc714896ad343aView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies)splash10-001j-0590000000-ed8a55680a0c9fa9cbafView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 2 TMS)splash10-0a4i-5695000000-bd3bb22a5dd4a600cb6cView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 2 TMS)splash10-0aor-5895000000-e55e01ca30d17d2a8a72View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSNot Available
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0002-0900000000-4ce3f52baa36006ef4b2View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00kg-9500000000-658a96f6cda4a96de045View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0gbc-9000000000-233fc8ab067b0dcd1f14View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-014i-0900000000-c49b207cafcf1c21302dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-000i-0900000000-cad83f5f123a879fa0bbView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-0900000000-4f12feae0e11a6d9016bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-2900000000-56fcdbb9b4363c84d2d0View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negativesplash10-056r-9400000000-9700c9585f6c540bf007View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-0gb9-0900000000-e646a99b0c1521d1c8ddView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0900000000-8fce1a7d8ceb3fced3edView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-0udl-6900000000-e2fc0eaa17e57d0a2556View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-00kf-9200000000-0bda29931f8b6f2fcc77View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-014l-9000000000-469c127d1aef4f8a51d7View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positivesplash10-0udi-2900000000-63ebef5a0818d6a1ccb8View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negativesplash10-05n0-0900000000-f468a00d88bedc116485View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0uxr-0900000000-7f4ef736d1a810b2e8abView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0900000000-9c4ead9423b52a47b2feView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0udi-9500000000-aa6a11948622748c8469View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-014i-0900000000-dd6386614990770eaae5View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-000i-0900000000-e9de9bab2598f0316525View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0abc-9300000000-f4bc767c42577b6a1d5fView in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot Available
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot Available
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot Available
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot Available
References
References:
  • Bosse TR, Donald EA: The vitamin B6 requirement in oral contraceptive users. I. Assessment by pyridoxal level and transferase activity in erythrocytes. Am J Clin Nutr. 1979 May;32(5):1015-23. Pubmed: 433818
  • Brenner A, Wapnir RA: A pyridoxine-dependent behavioral disorder unmasked by isoniazid. Am J Dis Child. 1978 Aug;132(8):773-6. Pubmed: 150790
  • el-Habet AE, el-Sewedy SM, el-Sharaky A, Gaafar NK, Abdel-Rafee A, Hamoud F: Biochemical studies on bilharzial and nonbilharzial hyperoxaluria: effect of pyridoxine and allopurinol treatment. Biochem Med Metab Biol. 1987 Aug;38(1):1-8. Pubmed: 3663392
  • Fonda ML: Vitamin B6 metabolism and binding to proteins in the blood of alcoholic and nonalcoholic men. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1993 Dec;17(6):1171-8. Pubmed: 8116826
  • Huang YC, Lan PH, Cheng CH, Lee BJ, Kan MN: Vitamin B6 intakes and status of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients in Taiwan. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;56(5):387-92. Pubmed: 12001008
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Kark JA, Bongiovanni R, Hicks CU, Tarassoff PG, Hannah JS, Yoshida GY: Modification of intracellular hemoglobin with pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Blood Cells. 1982;8(2):299-314. Pubmed: 7159754
  • Kark JA, Tarassoff PG, Bongiovanni R: Pyridoxal phosphate as an antisickling agent in vitro. J Clin Invest. 1983 May;71(5):1224-9. Pubmed: 6853710
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Linares P, Luque de Castro MD, Valcarcel M: Simultaneous determination of pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5-phosphate in human serum by flow injection analysis. Anal Chem. 1985 Sep;57(11):2101-6. Pubmed: 4051187
  • Mehansho H, Henderson LM: Transport and accumulation of pyridoxine and pyridoxal by erythrocytes. J Biol Chem. 1980 Dec 25;255(24):11901-7. Pubmed: 7440576
  • Rajamohan F, Nelms L, Joslin DL, Lu B, Reagan WJ, Lawton M: cDNA cloning, expression, purification, distribution, and characterization of biologically active canine alanine aminotransferase-1. Protein Expr Purif. 2006 Jul;48(1):81-9. Epub 2006 Jan 30. Pubmed: 16495081
  • Schenker S, Johnson RF, Mahuren JD, Henderson GI, Coburn SP: Human placental vitamin B6 (pyridoxal) transport: normal characteristics and effects of ethanol. Am J Physiol. 1992 Jun;262(6 Pt 2):R966-74. Pubmed: 1621875
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
  • Yiakouvaki A, Savovic J, Al-Qenaei A, Dowden J, Pourzand C: Caged-iron chelators a novel approach towards protecting skin cells against UVA-induced necrotic cell death. J Invest Dermatol. 2006 Oct;126(10):2287-95. Epub 2006 May 18. Pubmed: 16710308
Synthesis Reference: Fujimoto, Yasuo. Pyridoxal. Jpn. Tokkyo Koho (1971), 2 pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID17310
HMDB IDHMDB01545
Pubchem Compound ID1050
Kegg IDC00250
ChemSpider ID1021
WikipediaPyridoxal
BioCyc IDPYRIDOXAL
EcoCyc IDPYRIDOXAL
Ligand ExpoPXL

Enzymes

Protein Details
• Pyridoxamine kinase
General function:
Involved in pyridoxal kinase activity
Specific function:
Phosphorylates B6 vitamers; functions in a salvage pathway. Uses pyridoxamine, but has negligible activity toward pyridoxal and pyridoxine as substrates
Gene Name:
pdxY
Locus Tag:
PA5516
Molecular weight:
31.3 kDa
Reactions
ATP + pyridoxal = ADP + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
Protein Details
• Pyridoxine/pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase
General function:
Coenzyme transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Catalyzes the oxidation of either pyridoxine 5'- phosphate (PNP) or pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) into pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)
Gene Name:
pdxH
Locus Tag:
PA1049
Molecular weight:
24.9 kDa
Reactions
Pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + H(2)O + O(2) = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + NH(3) + H(2)O(2).
Pyridoxine 5'-phosphate + O(2) = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H(2)O(2).

Transporters