Record Information
Version 1.0
Update Date 1/22/2018 12:54:54 PM
Metabolite IDPAMDB000010
Identification
Name: Adenine
Description:Adenine is a purine base. Adenine is found in both DNA and RNA. Adenine is a fundamental component of adenine nucleotides. Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached to deoxyribose; it forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a nucleotide, when three phosphate groups are added to adenosine. Adenosine triphosphate is used in cellular metabolism as one of the basic methods of transferring chemical energy between chemical reactions.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • 1,6-Dihydro-6-iminopurine
  • 1H-Purin-6-amine
  • 1H-Purine-6-amine
  • 3,6-Dihydro-6-iminopurine
  • 6-Amino-1H-purine
  • 6-Amino-3H-purine
  • 6-Amino-7H-purine
  • 6-Amino-9H-purine
  • 6-Amino-Purine
  • 6-Aminopurine
  • 9H-Purin-6-amine
  • 9H-Purin-6-yl-amin
  • 9H-Purin-6-ylamine
  • 9H-Purine-6-amine
  • Ade
  • Adenin
  • Adenine
  • Adeninimine
  • Vitamin B4
Chemical Formula: C5H5N5
Average Molecular Weight: 135.1267
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 135.054495185
InChI Key: GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C5H5N5/c6-4-3-5(9-1-7-3)10-2-8-4/h1-2H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10)
CAS number: 73-24-5
IUPAC Name:7H-purin-6-amine
Traditional IUPAC Name: vitamin B4
SMILES:NC1=C2NC=NC2=NC=N1
Chemical Taxonomy
Taxonomy DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 6-aminopurines. These are purines that carry an amino group at position 6. Purine is a bicyclic aromatic compound made up of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring.
Kingdom Organic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
Class Imidazopyrimidines
Sub ClassPurines and purine derivatives
Direct Parent 6-aminopurines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 6-aminopurine
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Imidolactam
  • Pyrimidine
  • Primary aromatic amine
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Imidazole
  • Azole
  • Azacycle
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular Framework Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State: Solid
Charge:0
Melting point: 360 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:1.03 mg/mL [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]PhysProp
LogP:-0.09 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility11.5 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.38ALOGPS
logP-0.57ChemAxon
logS-1.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.29ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)5.32ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area80.48 Å2ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity38.22 m3·mol-1ChemAxon
Polarizability12.29 Å3ChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations: Cytoplasm
Reactions:
Pathways:
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)splash10-03di-3490000000-7efe9518c90307a43707View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies)splash10-03di-2690000000-6dc072eb8483a2c38e18View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)splash10-00di-9350000000-220125189c286547e86cView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)splash10-03di-4690000000-2d327a6944df53411886View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS)splash10-0006-3920000000-f488e8aa64272a07b3d9View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)splash10-000i-0329000000-0b012fa483ce8764d2afView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSNot Available
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-000i-0900000000-95d4894082ada0b24773View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-014i-5900000000-66b1c086d7a666b2d02bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-014i-9200000000-4202a1aec437f3fd1275View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-c1766360e5f779d277abView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-68585e8dac03a15d5210View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-014i-0900000000-3db475b164c0f884b93dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-014i-2900000000-7e2deed118def434e8dbView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-0a4i-0900000000-b24b09629456779d96e6View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-b2cc6b5ce2fe2affe47dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 30V, Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-f45a65a00be3c0c36350View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-80808f34c7497219d349View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 30V, Negativesplash10-0a5c-6900000000-f6c0abd6d3fca61bd7f7View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-f2335984e7dd7e129a8cView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-ee084d257bf2325fb370View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-067i-9700000000-5a42850e3f5331952458View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-05fa9674ab4d9e5e174eView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-dc404aa4196bbf0ae9cdView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-05o0-8900000000-b56d110371cd80ac76e0View in MoNA
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-000i-6900000000-39944576233751576a91View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot Available
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot Available
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot Available
2D NMR[1H,1H] 2D NMR SpectrumNot Available
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot Available
References
References:
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  • Eells JT, Spector R: Purine and pyrimidine base and nucleoside concentrations in human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Neurochem Res. 1983 Nov;8(11):1451-7. Pubmed: 6656991
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  • Moriyama H, Iizuka T, Nagai M, Hoshi K: Adenine, an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, from the leaves of Cassia alata. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003 Sep;26(9):1361-4. Pubmed: 12951489
  • Ohdoi C, Nyhan WL, Kuhara T: Chemical diagnosis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Jul 15;792(1):123-30. Pubmed: 12829005
  • Reimers HJ, Packham MA, Mustard JF: Labeling of the releasable adenine nucleotides of washed human platelets. Blood. 1977 Jan;49(1):89-99. Pubmed: 401462
  • Rolfes RJ: Regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis: in yeast and beyond. Biochem Soc Trans. 2006 Nov;34(Pt 5):786-90. Pubmed: 17052198
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  • Simoni RE, Gomes LN, Scalco FB, Oliveira CP, Aquino Neto FR, de Oliveira ML: Uric acid changes in urine and plasma: an effective tool in screening for purine inborn errors of metabolism and other pathological conditions. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2007 Jun;30(3):295-309. Epub 2007 May 19. Pubmed: 17520339
  • Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. Pubmed: 19212411
  • Steiner MC, Evans R, Deacon SJ, Singh SJ, Patel P, Fox J, Greenhaff PL, Morgan MD: Adenine nucleotide loss in the skeletal muscles during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2005 Nov;60(11):932-6. Epub 2005 Jul 29. Pubmed: 16055624
  • Terry KL, De Vivo I, Titus-Ernstoff L, Shih MC, Cramer DW: Androgen receptor cytosine, adenine, guanine repeats, and haplotypes in relation to ovarian cancer risk. Cancer Res. 2005 Jul 1;65(13):5974-81. Pubmed: 15994977
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Vijayendran, C., Barsch, A., Friehs, K., Niehaus, K., Becker, A., Flaschel, E. (2008). "Perceiving molecular evolution processes in Escherichia coli by comprehensive metabolite and gene expression profiling." Genome Biol 9:R72. Pubmed: 18402659
  • Whitehead JW, Lee GP, Gharagozloo P, Hofer P, Gehrig A, Wintergerst P, Smyth D, McCoull W, Hachicha M, Patel A, Kyle DJ: 8-Substituted analogues of 3-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxy-benzyl)-8-isopropyl-adenine: highly potent and selective PDE4 inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2005 Feb 24;48(4):1237-43. Pubmed: 15715490
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
Synthesis Reference: Baddiley, J.; Lythgoe, B.; Todd, A. R. Synthesis of purine nucleosides. II. A new and convenient synthesis of adenine. Journal of the Chemical Society (1943), 386-7.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID16708
HMDB IDHMDB00034
Pubchem Compound ID190
Kegg IDC00147
ChemSpider ID185
WikipediaAdenine
BioCyc IDADENINE
EcoCyc IDADENINE
Ligand ExpoANE